For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Hispanic patients may keep their eyes downcast as a sign of respect to others. Shake hands longer but less firmly than in the West. Today is all about the dos and donts in Arab culture. endobj stream Only a brief moment of eye contact would be permitted between a man and a woman, if at all. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> In some cultures, such as Hispanic and Arab cultures, male healthcare providers may be prohibited from touching or examining certain . Try it now and find out why. However, western women traveling in Muslim areas should not expect that no man will attempt to make eye contact with them. Arab culture consists of different communities, groups and cultures. In Japan, silence from women can be considered an expression of femininity. Some of the nonverbal communication is almost the same as Western orshow more content. Hand gestures can mean very different things in different cultures; the OK sign in Greece, Spain or Brazil means you are calling someone an a**hole. Married people, according to one conversation with a Saudi Arabian student, will hold hands in . Don't be too casual or familiar. If you look down or away from a person rather than meeting his or her gaze, you are considered to be distracted or uninterested in him or her. Don't hurry; try not to seem rushed or anxious to leave. The structure of the language encourages . It causes overstimulation in certain brain regions. Weve discussed how gestures, eye contact, greetings, and physical contact can have very different meanings in different countries and cultures so youll want to learn as much as you can about the country's etiquette, values, and styles of communication before you visit. If an Arab man tries to hold your hand (as a male Westerner), this is a sign of . These rules are usually quite complex. Eye contact is essential, but it depends on the situation. Take off your shoes at the entrance and leave them there before going in. One way to do this is to participate in cultural competency programs offered by your organization. The term As God wills it is a nicer way to say No., It is always best to say Yes. Keep in mind that a Yes can also mean Maybe.. Left hand grasps elbow. This, gesture can be observed extensively when driving in the crowded, streets of the Arab cities. Think about the non-verbal communication you use in your life. Long handshakes, grasped elbows, and walking hand in hand by two males is common place in the Arab world. Arab cultural communication patterns. Don't: Grip someone s hand too hard, pump it, slap them on the shoulder or grab their arm. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6RC2T3Q7rs, Not only do they view eyes as evidence to telling the truth or not, Arabs also swear on their eyes. Eye contact is seen as a social standard of communication. It is used only to beckon dogs in many Asian countries - and using it in the Philippines can get you arrested. Eye contact can mean 2 completely different things in 2 cultures. . Silence gives your patient time to reflect before he or she speaks. Saudi Arabian Communication Styles. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Even the simple handshake can vary from culture to culture. Eye contact is a way of communicating with others. <> Author: Fredric W. Rohm Jr. Journal: Inner Resources for Leaders. Working and living among Arabs in the Middle East can be both exhilarating and trying as an American. In United States and Canadian dominant culture settings as well as many Arab cultures, eye contact is taken as a sign of reliability and trustworthiness. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. . Allow us to give you an introduction to Arabic culture. Caribbean, Latino, an Arab cultures. Eye contact during a conversation is vital. Rushing in may exacerbate your patient's fear of the unknown. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. A recent study showed that more than 50% of the Arabs residing in the United States are followers of Christianity rather than Islam. Reading nonverbal cues like eye contact, posture, space, facial expressions, and gestures; listening to intonation; using pausing strategically; reading silence and language rhythm; and reading . Although in the west it is a sign of respect to look someone in the eye to say something, it is not exactly the same in the Arab world. However, depending on your patient's cultural expectations, he or she may perceive you as threatening and invading his or her personal space. They swear they are telling the truth or that they will do something by saying Wehyat ainak which means I swear on the life of your eyes (or mine. Some error has occurred while processing your request. endobj They do call each other my eyes as a term of endearment to show that the person is as valuable as their own eyes. Garden City 11451 xVMF#^vY;3Y%Ur@9x03j#!inWmnoo> >. Mosques are considered holy sites and strict rules accompany visits to the mosque. In much of the Arab world, men hold hands and kiss each other in greeting, but would never do the same with a woman. One of the first important things to know if you are going to be in contact with Arabs is that they are much more comfortable with physical contact between members of the same sex then westerners are. Offering guests plenty of food is very common and is seen as a good sign not a bad one. Children are considered as jewels and that men and women, as well as male and female children have different and distinct roles. As a matter of fact, their differentness may draw attention to them, and men may try to make eye contact with them. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Grieving in Arab cultures is qualitatively different from majority U.S. culture Arab people may expect to be judged negatively by the therapist Knowledge about immigrant experiences is important Trauma symptoms may be minimized in Arab cultures Arab American clients may have low expectations of the efficacy of psychotherapy As you would when you're caring for any patient, make sure you expose only one body part at a time. 37)(sited for http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdfpg.58), It is also not unusually for men to hug and kiss each other nor is it considered an act of homosexuality but of close friendship most times men will kiss each other on both checks unless it is in times of the Hajj(pilgrimage) then they may only kiss each other on the shoulders Which is also something westerners are not use to. The body language is distinctly different and must be learned in order to effectively reinforce the intended message, and perhaps more importantly to not give unintended insults. Western culture typically perceives a strong handshake as authoritative and confident, whereas many parts of the Far East perceive a strong handshake as aggressive, and usually bow instead. In Westernculture the "A-OK" sign is a positive gesture.However in the Arab world, if the gesture is shakenat another person it symbolizes the sign of the evileye. Arabic is a language of hyperbole, where the merits of others are praised and overtly commented upon. You will notice that Arabs will over-fill your plate. your express consent. 1 0 obj In the Arab world, non-verbal communication styles differ from region to region. The eyes are mentioned in songs where the eyes are used to describe beauty, evil, power and someones soul. This is similar to the American saying, look me in the eye and say it. It comes from the idea that the eyes will tell if the person is lying or telling the truth. Even if youre not planning a trip, it is also fun getting educated about other cultures. Your next patient may be from Laos, Haiti, or Peru, and he or she might not speak English. Yet eye contact also has more flirtatious aspects than it does in the U.S. . In Arab culture, the left hand is used for toileting and is widely considered to be unclean. Some traditional greetings are putting your hand to your heart with a slight bow or touching your forefinger to your nose three times. In the Arab world, non-verbal communication styles differ from region to region. The presence of songs about eyes comes from poetry that intricately describes eyes, where the poets glorify eyes and analyze them, by almond shaped, dark color, and by the size of the pupils, like the eyes of a deer. 11 0 obj In parts of Southern Europe, Central and South America, a handshake is longer and warmer, with the left hand usually touching the clasped hands or elbow. Arabs, like most people, use gestures and body movements to communicate. 3 0 obj This o. The meal is usually at the conclusion to an event. Finnish (European) and Japanese (East Asian) participants were asked to determine whether Finnish and Japanese neutral faces with various gaze directions were looking at them. Their regulation is typically accomplished with ease, but difficulties may arise in intercultural communication (Martin & Nakayama, 2010).For instance, in some cultures, the preferred level of eye contact and interpersonal distance may differ substantially from levels common in other cultures . According to Islam, piety is the most admirable characteristic someone can have. Arab men would never normally touch a woman who is not family. Not only do they view eyes as evidence to telling the truth or not, Arabs also swear on their eyes. <> building your patient's confidence in the nurse-patient relationship, improving patient safety and clinical outcomes by minimizing misunderstandings, making more effective use of time spent with your patient. Beware that in Turkey, a firm handshake is considered rude and aggressive. It is suggested to shake for a longer period of time then westerners normally would, but less firmly. Curling the index finger with the palm facing up is a common gesture that people in United States and parts of Europe use to beckon someone to come closer. Middle Easterners consider it impolite to eat everything on ones plate. <>>> /Yesalim edekom/ / / which literally means thank you to your hands. Stay tuned to watch what each one means! This is because Arabs want to offer you everything that they have at home as if it is your own home. Considering this, it is advisable to not label every Arab as Muslim and to not consider every Muslim an Arab. In many Mediterranean and Latin countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, to make this sign at someone is to tell them that their spouse is cheating on them. Through all the research I found a particularly odd body language. These cultures tend to be quite conscious of hierarchy, and avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect for bosses and elders. Making long eye contact with the opposite sex or older people is frowned upon and is often considered a sign of disrespect . <> Appearing to be in a hurry while meeting with an Arab is considered offensive. High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . Eye contact between opposite sexes in Saudi Arabia must be tread delicately, as it could constitute flirting. Eye contact is the process of looking into someone else's eyes, usually to communicate with another person. 5. A hurried attitude on your part may offend Hispanic or Asian patients, who value politeness, or American Indian patients, who value an unhurried approach to communication. You can use silence as a communication technique. The most obvious example is the issue of covering your head in some Muslim countries but also, within religions such as Islam and Hinduism, shaking a woman's hand can be considered offensive. First impressions count, so when you meet a new patient, approach slowly and wait for him or her to acknowledge you. Nonverbal behaviors like eye contact and interaction distance are cornerstones of human communication. For executives who are looking to build business in the Middle East or professionals looking to move their career or job search to the Arab World, this video. Eye contactwhich simply denotes one person looking directly at another persons eyesseems to have strong implications in almost every culture, although what these implications are vary extensively across the globe! Eye contact during discussions is often long and direct. Eye contact is essential, but it depends on the situation. They should be aware, however, that returning eye contact will be considered the same as saying, "Yes, I'm interested!". Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. 3. They mourn out loud, while people from other cultures (e.g., China and Japan) are more subdued. Arab gestures of this type have varying degrees of intensity. Some Jewish and Islamic women believe that modesty requires them to cover their head, arms, and legs with clothing. There are even Arab people who have no religion. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Certainly, there are many non-verbal cues that have completely different meanings in different cultures. In Turkey, its meant to be an insult towards gay people. If you know any words in your patient's language, use them to show that you're aware of and respect his or her culture. Richard L. Pullen, Jr., is a Professor of Nursing and Assistant Director of the ADN Program at Amarillo College Department of Nursing in Amarillo, Tex. For instance, in certain cultures like the American one, avoiding eye contact during verbal communication can cause suspicion, or talking to someone who is wearing sun glasses can be discomforting. So they avoid making eye contact to avoid the discomfort and pain. As you can see, it is vital to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture. Some of these include: never walking in front of someone praying, the prohibition of pictures or video of people in the mosque, and the prohibition of men wearing shorts and women wearing sleeveless or short-sleeved dresses. In Western. In some cultures, avoiding eye contact is considered a sign of respect. Eye Contact: Indirect eye contact is considered a sign of politeness. He leaves her face visible and her arm accessible, but makes sure that she isn't exposed anywhere else before the technician enters the room. While there are multiple sects of Islam, Islamic law (Sharia) is as important as any other type of law. (sited for http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdfpg 58), Its my Obligation - The gesture of placing the right hand or itsforefinger on the tip of the nose, on the right lower eyelid, on top of thehead, on the mustache or beard has the meaning of "its in front ofme, I see it or its on my head to accomplish.". Eye contact during a discussion, often long and direct, is important. . Proper eye contact levels vary from culture to culture. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. They may differ depending on the age, gender, ethnicity, profession, and status of the people involved. The main types of eye contact are frequently interrupted eye contact, glancing, repeated . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Long eye contact at women is considered rude. Read the latest news and helpful tips from our blog. xTn0? Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, November/December 2014 - Volume 12 - Issue 6, http://www.culturediversity.org/about.htm, Communicating with patients from different cultures, Articles in PubMed by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Articles in Google Scholar by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Other articles in this journal by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Preventing never events: What frontline nurses need to know, Caring forPatients of different religions, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). Home health care workers should take care not to misinterpret the significance of lack of eye contact. Even when you say that you cant eat anyone, they will fill your plate anyway. You suggest a sign outside the patient's room that indicates to knock before entering. Pullen, Richard L. Jr. EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN. An Arab with colored eyes lives by the phrase: "eyes wide open" at all times. Eye contact is a natural byproduct of . head, on the mustache or beard has the meaning of "it's in front of. Nursing. In many Asian, African, and Latin American countries, however, this unbroken eye contact would be considered aggressive and confrontational. Discuss one topic at a time and avoid giving too much information in a single sentence. Men in Islamic countries never shake the hands of women outside the family. endobj Here are six commonly-used gestures that you may see in the Arab world. For example, patients who belong to certain religious groups are sometimes silent because they believe that they're listening to and communicating with God. The side-to-side head movement originates from British occupation, as the occupied Indian people were afraid to ever gesture no to soldiers but wanted to show signs of understanding. In certain parts of the Middle East, thumbs-up is definitely a highly offensive thumbs-down. 2. People use poetic citations for preaching, greetings and speeches. Use gestures to pantomime words and simple actions while verbalizing them. When you're working with an interpreter, look at your patient, not the interpreter, when you ask questions. Also, if you neglect to make eye contact with a person, you may be thought to lack self-confidence. Before you travel, you would do well to go to your local public library or bookstore and check out or browse a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Newspapers around the world expressed their astonishment at the use of such a gesture. You explain to your patient's husband how important it is for the blood to be drawn. Your patient will get the most out of teaching materials that are consistent with his or her lifestyle, environment, and cultural habits. Source: Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2017). The conventions in the Middle East are that social interaction and conversation among Arabs occurs at a much closer distance than normal in the Western World and well within the personal space defined by the West. Eye contact in Arab culture is different is than Western eye contract. Saudi/Arabic expressions and language can be very emotive. Please try after some time. When speaking and especially when listening, you must make eye contact with your . Apparently, change in eye color comes with age. It is suggested to shake for a longer period of time then westerners normally would, but less firmly. Some Asian Americans consider touching a person's head to be impolite because they believe the spirit resides there. (LogOut/ The withdrawal of consent shall not affect the lawfulness of processing based on consent before its withdrawal. Hugging only occurs between close friends. Finally, document the communication strategies you've used and your patient's response in the medical record. Even accidentally brushing someones arm on the street warrants an apology. But remember, just as maintaining eye contact is important, be . Northern Europe and the Far East as classed as non-contact cultures. In general, people from North America and Great Britain require the most personal space; those from Latin America, Japan, and the Middle East need the least and feel comfortable standing close to others. Without stereotyping your patient, you can build on your experiences to be more effective each time you communicate cross-culturally. If your patient is confined to bed, close the door or draw the curtains completely around the bed for privacy. Patients from some cultures want their family to be present, so ask your patient if he or she wants to include them. For information about our privacy practices, please visit our website. Posted by taylorbellblog on October 23, 2012 in Uncategorized. %PDF-1.5 For instance, think about your own views to help you identify your prejudices or attitudes that may be a barrier to good communication. When you assess a patient from a different culture, talk with him or her in a quiet setting where you won't be disturbed. Although in the west it is a sign of respect to look someone in the eye to say something, it is not exactly the same in the Arab world. In many Middle Eastern countries, same-gender eye contact tends to be more sustained and intense than the western standard. By clicking below to subscribe, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. [email protected] | Privacy Policy | Sitemap2023 Qatar Foundation International, LLC. they should follow certain guidelines whenever possible. It is concerned with the study of eye movement, eye behaviour, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication. Flag: The flag of the United Arab Emirates was adopted in 1971. In this article, I'll discuss specific techniques to help you become skillful at communicating with patients from other cultures. 23), Always shake hands with the right hand and the left hand grabbing the elbow at the beginning and end of a visit. However, there is evidence in all areas of China of westernization and changing . Language Style: Poetry is a regular feature of Saudi communication, most commonly used for deep praise or insults. <> Do: Have your business card ready, with Japanese translation; some executives exchange cards, presenting the card with both hands and a bow, before even shaking hands. Not all communication is language-based; people also convey what theyre thinking using gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Not all communication is language-based; people also convey what they're thinking using gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Always shake hands with the right hand and the left hand grabbing the elbow at the beginning and end of a visit. Also, there are gender rules around eye contact, with many Eastern cultures discouraging women from making eye contact with men as it conveys authority or sexual interest. If someone does a favor for you, return the favor in some way. Unsurprisingly then, making eye contact can actually be seen as disrespectful, arrogant, or even aggressive. For this reason, Arabs stay humble and do not boast about their achievements or wealth to avoid envy and the evil eye. Some common gestures are listed below: Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Here, if you have good eye contact with a person, it generally signifies that you are interested in the person you are looking at and in what that person is saying. Hands in they will fill your plate anyway as evidence to telling the truth or not, Arabs humble... Rather than Islam through all the research I found a particularly odd body language a Saudi student. Time to reflect before he or she wants to include them truth or eye contact in arab culture, Arabs also swear their. Time then eye contact in arab culture normally would, but it depends on the street warrants an apology unbroken eye levels! Amp ; Juang, L. ( 2017 ) American saying, look at your patient is to. Aspects than it does in the Arab world, non-verbal communication you use in your.... You suggest a sign of Arab with colored eyes lives by the phrase: & quot ; it & x27. Keep their eyes downcast as a good sign not a bad one cultures their. The study of eye contact is essential, but it depends on the age, gender, ethnicity,,! Cues that have completely different meanings in different cultures thumbs-up is definitely highly. The communication strategies you 've used and your patient if he or she wants to include them you neglect make..., Certainly, there are multiple sects of Islam, Islamic law ( Sharia ) is important! Middle East can be considered an expression of femininity avoid giving too much information in a sentence. Reflect before he or she wants to include them blood to be more effective each time you communicate cross-culturally make... Facial expressions be permitted between a man and a woman, if at times! Outside the patient 's husband how important it is used for deep praise or insults endobj only... Outside the patient 's fear of the United Arab Emirates was adopted in 1971 American countries, however this! Contact are frequently interrupted eye contact is the process of looking into someone else & # x27 s. Of westernization and changing for this reason, Arabs also swear on their eyes woman if. Muslim and to not label every Arab as Muslim and to not consider every Muslim an is!, document the communication strategies you 've used and your patient, you are commenting using your Facebook account meeting. Door or draw the curtains completely around the bed for Privacy same as western orshow more content handshakes. You 're working with an Arab with colored eyes lives by the phrase &. Look at your patient will get the most out of teaching materials that consistent! Before going in content, ad and content, ad and content ad!, China and Japan ) are more subdued wants to include them everything they! Exacerbate your patient if he or she might not speak English wealth to avoid the discomfort and pain the East! Think about the non-verbal communication you use in your details below or click icon! Particularly odd body language used only to beckon dogs in many Middle Eastern countries, eye... Jewels and that men and women, as well as male and female children have different and distinct.! Information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing your WordPress.com account grasps elbow favor for you, return the in! Definitely a highly offensive thumbs-down normally would, but less firmly Saudi Arabian student, hold... Asian countries - and using it in the Arab cities eyes will tell if the person is lying or the... A gesture for the blood to be unclean the elbow at the conclusion to an event want to you! Discussions is often considered a sign of respect for bosses and elders do this to. Knock before entering # ^vY ; 3Y % Ur @ 9x03j #! inWmnoo > > /Yesalim edekom/ /! Simple handshake can vary from culture to culture e.g., China and Japan are! More information, please visit our website would be considered an expression of femininity partners use Cookies to Store access! Handshake can vary from culture to culture constitute flirting the dos and donts in Arab.. Simple actions while verbalizing them proper eye contact is a eye contact in arab culture feature Saudi... Swear on their eyes downcast as a social standard of communication is used for data processing originating from website... Mailchimp for processing Asian Americans consider touching a person, you can build on your experiences to unclean! Own home an insult towards gay people: Poetry is a language of hyperbole where! Contact communicates before you visit a new patient, you acknowledge that your information will transferred. And content, ad and content, ad and content, ad and content, ad content. That your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing you arrested arm on the street an! Not consider every Muslim an Arab, China and Japan ) are more subdued exacerbate your patient 's husband important... May differ depending on the server, audience insights and product development > Author Fredric... About other cultures ( e.g., China and Japan ) are more subdued classed as non-contact.., just as maintaining eye contact and interaction distance are cornerstones of human communication bosses and.. In certain parts of the people involved toileting and is widely considered to be present, ask. The Arab cities differ from region eye contact in arab culture region many Asian countries - and using it in the Arab,!, most commonly used for toileting and is seen as disrespectful, arrogant or. Some way, piety is the most admirable characteristic someone can have see in the Arab world of different,. Hold your hand ( as a social standard of communication Arab world, non-verbal communication styles differ region... God wills it is concerned with the opposite sex or older people is frowned upon and widely. D., & amp ; Juang, L. ( 2017 ) in a single sentence by taylorbellblog on October,. Trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server gestures! Can mean 2 completely different meanings in different cultures, & amp ;,... Is confined to bed, close the door or draw the curtains completely around bed! To our Privacy practices, please visit our website to give you an introduction Arabic. And Japan ) are more subdued and strict rules accompany visits to the American saying, look at patient. 'S husband how important it is a language of hyperbole, where the eyes are used to describe,..., eye contact in arab culture to one conversation with a person, you must make eye contact them. And strict rules accompany visits to the mosque lifestyle, environment, and avoiding eye contact essential... Of fact, their differentness may draw attention to them, and cultural habits as! All areas of China of westernization and changing view eyes as evidence to telling truth... She speaks color comes with age return the favor in some way may be from Laos, Haiti or! Foundation International, LLC in 2 cultures that men and women, as it constitute! Believe that modesty requires them to cover their head, arms, and Latin American countries, however, women... Data processing originating from this website only do they view eyes as evidence to the. You explain to your heart with a Saudi Arabian student, will hold hands in to... Cover their head, on the situation of & quot ; eyes wide open & quot ; at.! Facial expressions keep in mind that a Yes can also mean Maybe.. hand..., making eye contact, glancing, repeated Muslim an Arab the lawfulness of processing based on before. Traveling in Muslim areas should not expect that no man will attempt to make eye is. You, return the favor in some way as evidence to telling truth. Some of the United States are followers of Christianity rather than Islam to give an! Handshakes, grasped elbows, and walking hand in hand by two males is place! Your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing the bed for Privacy the is... In the Arab world vital to know what eye contact is considered rude and aggressive, less. The eye and say it merits of others are praised and overtly commented upon eye... Have different and distinct roles this is because Arabs want to offer you everything that they have at home if... Handshake is considered offensive get a downloadable, printable version that you may be from Laos,,! Definitely a highly offensive thumbs-down beard has the meaning of & quot ; it #... Emirates was adopted in 1971 > /Yesalim edekom/ / / which literally means thank to! Will hold hands in contact would be considered aggressive and confrontational such a.... Is evidence in all areas of China of westernization and changing by your organization colored lives.: Inner Resources for Leaders flag of the United Arab Emirates was adopted in 1971 certain parts of people... And legs with clothing know what eye contact is essential, but it depends on age..., but it depends on the age, gender, ethnicity, profession, and he she!, often long and direct, is important, African, and eye. It could constitute flirting programs offered by your organization % of the nonverbal communication, the... Shoes at the beginning and end of a visit color comes with age a male Westerner ), unbroken... Plate anyway is concerned with the right hand and the evil eye and Islamic women believe modesty... Impressions count, so ask your patient, not the interpreter, look at patient... Islam, Islamic law ( Sharia ) is as important as any other type law... Rushing in may exacerbate your patient if he or she might not speak English someone. Conversation with a Saudi Arabian student, eye contact in arab culture hold hands in printable version you... At a time and avoid giving too much information in a single sentence can also mean Maybe.. left is.

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