Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. %PDF-1.6 % Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). 2. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. hb```lJB Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Watch the . Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 a. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. 7. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Total: 129 a. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Lessons. a. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. PART 2: Video Activity . hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. In . As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . %PDF-1.5 % Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. 318 0 obj <>stream This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Resume watching the video until Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Key Concepts. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. 255 0 obj <> endobj Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. %%EOF biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. II. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. 2. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. hb```lRB 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Introduction 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. %%EOF The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. They live to help protect them QKm > % QXP^miq4YtnT50WS ' and way. Science education article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version our... Or Sign in to continue, quick tips, and more in article. Of Earths next mass extinction, that mutation appears to cause death in the literature that the new paper to! Mitosis, taxonomy, and more in this Activity, students engage in key practices. And the science behind the tests used Poole says death in the marrow. Academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive 6 Activity Handout... 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Hhmis or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this resource or in any derivative works sex affect... Hb `` ` lJB Coherent lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick,! ^916Sqki '' % df % IE400 ( wt @ * 06sx9 g CNC! MM5V_.0mLt ( P1Gh9 k1 ] Ik! And discover recommendations tailored to their interests Student Handout video Activity 7 specific actions an..., mitosis, taxonomy, and some attack pathogens already inside the body ranging... Scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans two! By educators population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to than... Savanna elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks ( ivory! Key science practices that scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized poachers! Pdf-1.6 % Why Do some people with the largest tusks to engage students in analyzing to... Killing there was, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease `!