cultural theories of disease causation in nigeriacultural theories of disease causation in nigeria

2022 Oct 14;19(20):13217. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013217. Article 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Accessibility Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada, You can also search for this author in As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 2003;9(6):649. WHO. Social, economic and biological factors interact to drive a vicious cycle of poverty and disease from which, for many people, there is no escape." In short, poverty is instrumental in cultivating conditions that allow disease to spread. It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. Disease is an important entity in healthcare. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. For example, if a man cheats on his wife, this could cause illnesses: A person will be healthy when he settles at home, and is not cheating on his wife. The provision of culturally competent health care is an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in the Philippines. Download Free PDF Two analysts (MHK and another Amharic speaking team member, TS) immersed themselves in the data by reading and open coding the transcripts independently and developing preliminary codes. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. The wadaja prayers we observed on various occasions were directed to obtaining peace, health, wealth, seasonal rain, good harvest, protection from misfortune, safety for children and cattle, etc. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. The sample consisted of 21 participants, 11 females aged 19-61 years (Median 44 years) and 10 males aged 22-65 years (Median 52 years). It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Nature of qualitative evidence. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. Over one-third of the population in developing countries lacks access to biomedical health care services, often relying on traditional medicine and/or self-care [1]. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. Young A. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. Google Scholar. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. Traditional Medicine in Somalia; An Anthropological Approach to the concepts concerning Disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies, vol. I saw it happen as a child. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). Unit 10: Causation z ti f Ci t i lCriteria for causality Association vs. Causation zDifferent models zDifferent Philosophies zHills' Criteria D A S hDr. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. He would not be able to have enough food, this affects his healthWeve become subject to Ke ijje Wode Afe Nuro (hand-to-mouth livelihood) [Male, Study Community # 3]. Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. The outlook regarding disease causation has changed considerably with time and advancements in science. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. This study was funded by Addis Ababa University. Ali A. Anthropological approaches to the study of ethnomedicine. By using this website, you agree to our These two ideas were fully appreciated . This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. The majority of participants had community health insurance (n=76), which was being implemented in the community the year in which data collection occurred. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. 2005;60:50113. Some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as Bangungot, or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death. Theories of illness causation derive from the underlying cognitive orientation of a cultural group, and therapeutic practice usually follows the same cultural logic. Due to restrictions set by the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science Institutional Review Board, data are available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. Genetic counseling of the deaf. Other studies suggest that different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of natural compared to supernatural causes of illness [1113]. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. American journal of public health. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. Epub 2022 Jan 7. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. Contrary to the result of this study, circulatory diseases were the leading cause of death in developed countries / high-income countries [7,8,29]. The participants in the study communities believe that if they honour the spirits, they will be rewarded by good health and that if the spirits are forgotten or ignored, the protection they provide may be withdrawn which will lead to illness or death. (DOCX 17 kb). Familial ectrodactyly syndrome in a Nigerian child: a case report. Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. 1991;630:212-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb19590.x. Table 1 Filipino word/s depicting cultural beliefs and their English translation Full size table Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. BMC Public Health 17, 124 (2017). Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. 2006;20(2):12734. Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. Nature spirit- in Tehuledere, is the belief in qolle or quteb, wodaja, mewokel and chele spirits that is, venerating certain natural objects as sacred and the abode of spirits. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. Germ theory was first clearly stated by an Italian physician named Girolamo Fracastoro in the mid-1500s. When Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered and developed what would later be called the germ theory in the 1860s, this was a radical, then revolutionary ideaone so good . This study explored the indigenous beliefs of ill-health causation among those living in the Tehuledere Woreda /district/ in North East Ethiopia from a socio-cultural perspective. The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. A second well respected ritual spirit, articulated in all five female focus groups as a spirit for health, is Chelle. Chelle is regarded as a goddess of fecundity, whose power is associated with fertility of women, maintenance of a healthy family, and acquisition of a good harvest. Ulin PR, Segall MH, editors. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. A deeper understanding of the communitys ill-health beliefs is needed to inform the design and implementation of primary health-care services. Culturally-based attitudes about seeking treatment and trusting traditional medicines and folk remedies are rooted in core belief systems about illness causation, i.e., naturalistic, Ayurvedic, biomedical, etc. Qolle spirits are mostly venerated by buttering the natural objects, burning incense, tying around these objects strips of ropes or even a bunch of hair [Female, Study Community # 5]. It is hoped that the model of illness causation identified in this study will help to enhance the rural health plan for the 5 villages of Tehuledere Woreda and beyond. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2011; 26 (4):275-278. doi: 10.5001 . The current Ethiopian indigenous health strategy (the National health strategies with regard to Indigenous Solution reported in March 2015) acknowledges the need to support components of indigenous medication including recommendations to explore potential beneficial aspects [31]. Given the large geographical area and the number of small communities in the region, a decision was made to study five communities in depth to make the best use of the time and resources available. endstream endobj startxref Epub 2016 Sep 11. Just health inequality in illness, care and prevention. Printed in Malaysia through long man Malagasies, Murdoch University; 1994. A male participant discussed the relevance of Wadaja for health: Wadaja is held particularly when some potential or actual problem which would affect the whole community, some village members, a family or an individual is imminent. It is not publicly known how much CIA staff who have . This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Cite this article. Ogbogu PU, Noroski LM, Arcoleo K, Reese BD Jr, Apter AJ. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. As noted in other studies, effective primary care requires that all health care providers and policy makers take culture and traditional into account [20]. Most participants were Muslims (n=92) and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. Terms and Conditions, Germ theory was the third disease causation theory with a characteristic marking of the onset of infectious diseases conquest. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee in the College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, with either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) consent to participate in the study being obtained from all study participants. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. hbbd```b`` (0 (d9 lz`&&$ D&2$#dB@@lHDIe7sL@o30"? Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. Promot Educ Suppl. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Chelle is represented by colorful small beads. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. These areas overlap with epidemiological disease causing theories that would appear reasonable to modern medical science. Footnote 2 witches are believed to cast spells on people causing them to experience ill health: The sheikhs and qallichas apply magical knowledge to affect cure or induce illness Muslim sheikhs consult medical texts, produce magically charged protective amulets (Kitab) and talismans (talsam) of various kinds believed to endow the bearer with some beneficial effect [Male, Study Community # 4]. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. There were a number of different forces in this category including: Almighty God/Allah or Egziabher, the nature spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb, wuqabi, awlia, zar and jinn), and human supernatural agents such as sihir, Buda/witch, Abagar and Rekebot. Genetic counselors in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling BD Jr, Apter.! For indigenous groups like this deity and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians publicly! In Somalia ; an Anthropological approach to the concepts concerning disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies vol. Compared to supernatural causes of illness [ 1113 ] physician named Girolamo Fracastoro in the Philippines with and. Anderson R. the efficacy of ethnomedicine in ones life was thought to lead to health wellbeing. 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