Jorge Luis Borges called him "a soul . Graves's feelings for Johnstone were exploited by bullies, who led Graves to believe that Johnstone was seen kissing the choir-master. Religion. proved consistently popular with politicians. robert graves 1895 (Wimbledon) - 1985 (Dei) Robert von Ranke Graves was an English poet, scholar/translator/writer of antiquity specializing in Classical Greece and Rome, novelist and soldier in World War One. On July 24, 1895, Robert Graves was born in Wimbledon, near London. Robert Graves (1895-1985) is now probably best-remembered for two prose works: his 1929 memoir Goodbye to All That, about his experience fighting in the First World War, and his 1934 novel I, Claudius, set in ancient Rome. It was a horror that he evoked. Cover design: 'Faber' i.e. . At Somerville College, Graves met and fell in love with Marjorie, a nurse and professional pianist, but stopped writing to her once he learned she was engaged. [Primrose and Periwinkle], A67, A73, A83, A87, A95, A114, A128, A138, A67, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A141, Advice on May Day. There can be little doubt that some of his best work was done during the years of his literary partnership with Laura Riding., It has been suggested that one of Gravess debts to Riding was his long-standing fascination with the Muse of poetry. Richard Perceval Graves, 'Graves, Robert von Ranke (18951985)', Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:31, The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton, "National Portrait Gallery Person Robert Ranke Graves", India's prisoner: a biography of Edward John Thompson, 18861946, "Last Years (1968-1985) | Fundacin Robert Graves", National Library of Australia newsletter (June 2002), http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/document2012-01-24-075439.pdf, "Swedish Academy reopens controversy surrounding Steinbeck's Nobel prize", "Beryl Graves: Widow and editor of Robert Graves", "Novelist and poet Robert Graves (July 24th 1895 Dec 7th 1985) lived here at Vale House 19401946. Opening with a stanza-long question about what it feels like to have your heart in your mouth when you love someone and long to kiss them, The Kiss then proceeds to take a morbid turn, as the aptly named Graves associates this kiss not with love and life but with a dearth, and then death. Somehow I must live by writing. It was also the basis for Miranda Seymour's novel The Summer of '39 (1998). Perhaps his first known and revered poems were the poems Graves wrote behind the lines in World War One. ISBN 9780198738053 $125.00. He uses many literary devices, some of which are allusion, alliteration, assonance and personification. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance He was, thankfully, still alive, and went on to live until 1985. They both convalesced at Somerville College, Oxford, which was used as a hospital for officers. Graves, Beryl; Ward, Dunstan Bookplateleaf 0004 Boxid IA1624104 Camera Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control) Collection_set trent External-identifier PART I -POEMS MOSTLY WRITTEN AT CHARTERHOUSE1910-1914, A1, A3, A17, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A95, A114, A131, A138, PART II. Robert Graves "Ulysses" from Poems 1930-1933 (1933). . Robert Graves and the Classical Tradition. Despite Graves's own "pure and innocent" view of Johnstone, Graves's cousin Gerald wrote in a letter that Johnstone was: "not at all the innocent fellow I took him for, but as bad as anyone could be". Graves and Beryl (they were not to marry until 1950) lived in Galmpton, Torbay until 1946, when they re-established a home with their three children, in Dei, Majorca. The metaphor is especially poignant because both love and migraines are invisible to everybody but the person experiencing it. Ulysses is fated to need women but never truly understand them; at the same time, he is secretly terrified by the changeable nature of women. Most Commonly Searched Terms Discrimination Poems Thanks Poems Candy Poems Identity Poems Sun Poems City Poems The poem is best understood when one demarcates the two voices found throughout. please tell thank. [Careless Lady; Vain Man], A5, A17, A23, A24, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A95, A114, A131, A138, A6, A23, A24, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A128, A138, A6, A23, A24, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A141, A6, A23, A24, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A128, A131, A138, A6, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A141, Raising the Stone. [75] When Phibbs attempted to leave the relationship, Graves was sent to track him down, even threatening to kill Phibbs if he did not return to the circle. 00:00. [61] Johnstone was an object of adoration in Graves's early poems. The Victorian Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel admired the poem . My Dictionary of Symbols (Paladin, 1982) advised me only that butterflies signify transformation, which is apt for a book set during India's 1947 Partition, but not quite adequate to explain the title. Cohen wrote that a night and day of furious cogitation was followed by three weeks of intense work, during which the whole 70,000 words of the original were written. Monroe K. Spears deplored this method of composition in the Sewanee Review: Gravess theory of poetryif it can be dignified by the name of theoryis essentially a perfectly conventional late Romantic notion of poetry as emotional and magical; it is remarkable only in its crude simplicity and vulnerability. Still, Randall Jarrell asserted that Gravess richest, most moving, and most consistently beautiful poemspoems that almost deserve the literal magicalare his mythic/archaic pieces, all those the reader thinks of as White Goddess poems., Unsolicited enlightenment also figured in Gravess historical method. [80] Although the relationship would be described as "not overtly sexual", Graves would later in 1952 attack Judith's new fianc, getting the police called on him in the process. Poet and Novelist Robert Graves speaks to Thames Televisions 'Today' programme. Cite evidence. The central theme of Robert Graves' poetry is derived from obser vations of seasonal life in the fields. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. 240: . 'Regeneration' (Penguin, 2008) p.199. His father was a Gaelic scholar and poet, and his mother was related to influential German historian Leopold von Ranke. He lived for another decade, in an increasingly dependent condition, until he died from heart failure on 7December 1985 at the age of 90years. May. "Ulysses" was published in 1842 in the collection of poetry that secured Tennyson's literary fame. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. eNotes.com, Inc. Signed copies are available from the shop on this site. [16], At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the 3rd Battalion of the Royal Welch Fusiliers as a second lieutenant (on probation) on 12 August. The dramatic monologue 'Ulysses' by Alfred Lord Tennyson presents the indomitable courage and adventurous zeal of old Ulysses: a man of adventure. [41] Graves in turn dismissed the reactions of classical scholars, arguing that they are too specialised and "prose-minded" to interpret "ancient poetic meaning," and that "the few independent thinkers [are] the poets, who try to keep civilisation alive."[42]. The poem begins with a metaphor that sets the tone for the rest of the text by conflating love with a painful experience. In the essay "Real Women," for example, he contrasts the [51] Graves was rejected because, even though he had written several historical novels, he was still primarily seen as a poet, and committee member Henry Olsson was reluctant to award any Anglo-Saxon poet the prize before the death of Ezra Pound, believing that other writers did not match his talent. Audio Player. [64] Johnstone would later be arrested for attempting to seduce a Canadian soldier, which removed Graves's denial about Johnstone's infidelity, causing Graves to collapse. [Tasters and Wasters II: To S.S.], A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A23, A24, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A141, A23, A24, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A24, A67, A73, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A141, A24, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, The Furious Voyage [The Dead Ship; Ship Master], A24, A36, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A24, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138. He rightly pointed out that the terms war poet and war poetry were "first used in World War i and perhaps peculiar to it." With his first wife, Nancy Nicholson, he had Jennie (who married journalist Alexander Clifford), David (who was killed in the Second World War), Catherine (who married nuclear scientist Clifford Dalton at Aldershot), and Sam. For Dahlberg, as we have noted, it is most important to ensure that artists them- selves do not worship the Golden Calf. Arriving at Waterloo with a high fever but without the official papers that would secure his release from the army, he chanced to share a taxi with a demobilisation officer also returning from Ireland, who completed his papers for him with the necessary secret codes.[30]. Barker also addresses Graves's experiences with homosexuality in his youth; at the end of the novel Graves asserts that his "affections have been running in more normal channels"[27] after a friend was accused of "soliciting" with another man. They would make a fascinating anthology. Robert Lowell, letter to Elizabeth Bishop, January 23, 1963: . This poem provided the volume with half its title: it is spoken by a pair of fusiliers who have been forever joined and bonded in macabre friendship through death, after they were killed in the war. She also imparted to him some of her own dry, cerebral quality, which has remained in much of his poetry. Robert Graves died at the age of 90, and is buried at Dei in the small cemetery overlooking the sea. Share to Facebook. Theres something to be said for flying crooked, for being different. [5] His father was an Irish school inspector, Gaelic scholar and the author of the popular song "Father O'Flynn", and his mother was his father's second wife, Amalie Elisabeth Sophie von Ranke (18571951), the niece of the historian Leopold von Ranke. John Wain, for one, felt that Graves demonstrated an unswerving dedication to his ideals in his writing. In this poem, Tennyson attempted to come to terms with the loss. [The Blodeuwedd of Gwion ap Gwreang], A60, A61, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A128, A138, Nuns and Fish. In Broken Images by Robert Graves is a very straightforward poem, enabling anyone to understand the message of the poet. This message varies, but more often than not it is a variant of his central theme, the concept of the three-part goddess and the true poets devotion to her. Douglas Day commented on the importance of this move in Swifter Than Reason: The Poetry and Criticism of Robert Graves: The influence of Laura Riding is quite possibly the most important single element in his poetic career: she persuaded him to curb his digressiveness and his rambling philosophizing and to concentrate instead on terse, ironic poems written on personal themes. (And author of foreword) Algernon Charles Swinburne. His private audience with the Queen was shown in the BBC documentary film Royal Family, which aired in 1969. who does Dante encounter in canto Vl,Xll,XXXlV,lll,Vll,XXXll,XXXl and why are they there? The goddess also takes her form in Ulyssess chaste wife, Penelope, who waits for him for twenty years while he is fighting on the plains of Asia and then trying to return home. Ulysses meets the goddess as the sorceress Circe, in the form of the Symplegades, or clashing rocks, and as the Sirens, destroyers of ships and men. As Tennyson himself stated, the poem expresses his own "need of going forward and braving the struggle of life" after the loss of his beloved Hallam. Death is swallowed up in victory, said St. Paul; for Graves Life, Death, everything that exists is swallowed up in the White Goddess., Critics often described the White Goddess in paradoxical terms. [24] As a result, Sassoon was sent to Craiglockhart, a military hospital in Edinburgh, where he was treated by Dr. W. H. R. Rivers and met fellow patient Wilfred Owen. 'Ulysses' was written in the aftermath of Alfred Lord Tennyson's close friend's death (Arthur Hallam). In 1927, he published Lawrence and the Arabs, a commercially successful biography of T. E. Lawrence. An oft-quoted poem, it is a popular example of the dramatic monologue. I Wonder What It Feels Like to be Drowned? Graves finds the women he has loved an embodiment of her. Most often hes someone to sympathise with. Why are there even levels? [19][20] He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. [Deya: A Portfolio V], UNPUBLISHED AND POSTHUMOUSLY PUBLISHED POEMS. At the age of seven, double pneumonia following measles almost took Graves's life, the first of three occasions when he was despaired of by his doctors as a result of afflictions of the lungs, the second being the result of a war wound and the third when he contracted Spanish influenza in late 1918, immediately before demobilisation. Robert Graves complete poems Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. The unknown world beckons him for adventure. [32] Later, the family moved to Worlds End Cottage on Collice Street, Islip, Oxfordshire. His numerous other collections include Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes(1971), Love Respelt(1966), The Poems of Robert Graves(1958), Country Sentiment(1920), Fairies and Fusiliers(1918), and Goliath and David(1916). His lyrical gifts were extraordinary, and his technical mastery of verse form, rhyme, and rhythm was unrivaled. But it's also fair to say he didn't make life easy for his poetry-reading fans. [53], Robert Graves was bisexual, having intense romantic relationships with both men and women, though the word he coined for it was "pseudo-homosexual. [52], His religious belief has been examined by Patrick Grant, "Belief in anarchy: Robert Graves as mythographer," in Six Modern Authors and Problems of Belief. Already a member? Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. . eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Their letters, as Catling noted, appear in the easy style of love letters, recounting the small colorful details of their work, opinions, domestic arrangements and moods. Sage similarly commended Seymours Robert Graves: Life on the Edge, described by the critic as a balanced, convincing, rounded portrait. You can listen to Tennyson reading the poem here. Complete Poems 3 (Robert Graves Programme) Page 16 by Robert Graves. [17] He was confirmed in his rank on 10 March 1915,[18] and received rapid promotion, being promoted to lieutenant on 5 May 1915 and to captain on 26October. But, the poem represents a Universal battle of the human race being traditional and moving away from the traditions to think of new perspectives. In 1917, Sassoon rebelled against the conduct of the war by making a public anti-war statement. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The last date is today's Robert Graves, in full Robert von Ranke Graves, (born July 24, 1895, London, Englanddied December 7, 1985, Dey, Majorca, Spain), English poet, novelist, critic, and classical scholar who carried on many of the formal traditions of English verse in a period of experimentation. Share to Reddit. Graves was born into a middle-class family in Wimbledon, then part of Surrey, now part of south London. Forever a realist, Graves' depiction of war through his poetry, biography and prose works offer an . and I'm steadily adding them to The Poetry Voice index. In the First World War, during the Battle of the Somme, Robert Graves was declared dead. "Ulysses - Summary" Masterpieces of World Literature, Critical Edition [82], During the early 1970s, Graves began to experience increasingly severe memory loss. He published his first book of poetry, Over the Brazier, in 1916. [33], His most notable Oxford companion was T. E. Lawrence, then a Fellow of All Souls', with whom he discussed contemporary poetry and shared in the planning of elaborate pranks. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Unlike many other poets of the modern era, Graves did not engage in free verse, idiosyncratic form, or unusual styles. Robert Graves Poems 1. Graves made several recordings of his work, including Robert Graves Reading His Own Poems, for Argo and Listen; Robert Graves Reading His Own Poetry and The White Goddess, for Caedmon; and The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayaam, for Spoken Arts. Christmas Eve. The first of these, allusion, is an expression that's meant to call something specific to mind without directly stating it. This poem is unsual in the way it treats its hero. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about the experience of frontline conflict. Robert Graves 1895 (Wimbledon) - 1985 (Dei) Death. A8, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A85, A87, A95, A118, A123, A128, A138, A8, A23, A24, A56, A96, A123, A128, A138, A145, A8, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A8, A23, A24, A48, A60, A73, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, Richard Roe and John Doe. They would make a fascinating anthology. [8] Graves's eldest half-brother, Philip Perceval Graves, achieved success as a journalist and his younger brother, Charles Patrick Graves, was a writer and journalist. His mother, Amalie von Ranke Graves, was a relation of Leopold von Ranke, one of the founding fathers of modern historical studies. One consequence of his curiously innocent egocentricity is that his comments on other poets often reveal much more about himself than about their ostentatious subjects. While praising Collected Writings on Poetry, Powell questioned the omission of Gravess love poetry and humorous verse from The Centenary Selected Poems which, in his view, present[s] Graves as a much duller writer than he is., Together Dear Robert, Dear Spike (1991), a volume of correspondence, and Miranda Seymours biography Robert Graves: Life on the Edge (1995) expanded public and critical understanding of the poet. Robert Graves's War Poems tom PaLaima i n 1941, Robert Graves was asked, as a "poet of the last war," to comment on the poetry that was already being written during the Second World War. [Lady Student: A Study in Norman Influences], The Stepmother and the Princess. Ulysses, who symbolizes the grieving poet, proclaims his resolution to push onward in spite of the awareness that "death closes all" (line 51). "[67] Her feminism never conflicted with Graves's own ideas of female superiority. Condensed Merrill P. Paine's edition of David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Harcourt, 1934. He is restless. Poet, novelist, mythologist, essayist, and translator Robert Graves (July 24, 1895-December 7, 1985) is among the most influential artists of the past century a piercing mind carried on the wings of a thoroughly free spirit, an unflinching idealist with a certain Mad Hatter quality to his genius. First, critics and scholars questioned the veracity of his text. [3] He is also a renowned short story writer, with stories such as "The Tenement" still being popular today. During his long life, he wrote over 140 works including an autobiographical account of his time in the First World War - Goodbye to All That. Although his memory is failing him at times, Graves perfectly illustrates tha. Well communicated! What Ulysses senses, without consciously realizing it, is that all of these women are the same and are versions, avatars, of the White Goddess. The poem begins with Ulysses complaining about his idle life as a king. View. ULYSSES . A4, A6, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A128, A131, A138, A5, A17, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A5, A17, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A95, A114, A127, A131, A138, A5, A17, A23, A24, A56, A60, A73, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A5, A17, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A95, A114, A138, A5, A23, A24, A48, A50, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A5, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A141, A5, A17, A23, A24, A48, A50, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, Wild Strawberries [To E.M. - A Ballad of Nursery Rhyme], Vain and Careless. And in this poem, he uses his simple, plain language and easy rhymes to sing poetrys praises: it is thanks to poetry that man can soar higher than he otherwise could. But FitzGeralds work is still in living flight, while Gravess already sits there on the shelfstuffed. Similarly, Martin Dodsworth commented in Listener, Graves does not convince here. 204 quotes from Robert Graves: 'To be a poet is a condition rather than a profession.', 'There's no money in poetry, but there's no poetry in money, either.', and 'When the immense drugged universe explodes In a cascade of unendurable colour And leaves us gasping naked, This is no more than the ectasy of chaos: Hold fast, with both hands, to that royal love Which alone, as we know certainly . [72] In 1926, he would meet Laura Riding, with whom he would run away in 1929 while still married to Nicholson. He created a rich mythology where love, fear, fantasy and the supernatural play an essential role. Sick Love [Between Dark and Dark; O Love in Me], A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A128, A138, A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, A141, A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A141, A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A94, A95, A114, A138, A33, A36, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A141, A33, A36, A48, A60, A73, A85, A87, A95, A114, A138, A33, A36, A48, A50, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A114, A138, The Reader Over My Shoulder. Immediately after the war, Graves with his wife, Nancy Nicholson had a growing family, but he was financially insecure and weakened physically and mentally: Very thin, very nervous and with about four years' loss of sleep to make up, I was waiting until I got well enough to go to Oxford on the Government educational grant. He was known as a poet, lecturer and novelist. What he does accept is that he needs them and that without them he is incomplete. 11", Article by Robert H. Canary, "Utopian and Fantastic Dualities in Robert Graves's Watch the North Wind Rise", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&oldid=1140801370, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:31. Jump-start your essay with our outlining tool to make sure you have all the main points of your essay covered. J.M. His father was Alfred Perceval Graves, a celebrated Irish poet and figure in the Gaelic revival; they were both Celticists and students of Irish mythology. He earned his living from writing, particularly popular historical novels such as I, Claudius; King Jesus; The Golden Fleece; and Count Belisarius. [The Stepmother and the Princess; Tasters and Wasters, IV], A8, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A94, A95, A4, A8, A23, A24, A48, A56, A60, A73, A83, A85, A87, A92, A95, A114, A131, A138, A141, Interlude: On Preserving a Poetical Formula (I), Epitaph on an Unfortunate Artist. The difference of opinion between Dahlberg and Read is often enormous. Although he was their contemporary, Robert Graves worked apart from the modernists, and in form and subject matter he was, on the whole, more traditional. This short poem comprises two stanzas, the first of which considers children playing at the beach and the second of which shifts to the salty sea-dogs who tell the children of their extensive experience of the sea. "To bring the dead to life," according to one of Robert Graves's poems, "is no great magic": Few are wholly dead: Blow on a dead man's embers. The Poetry is in the pity. As Graves demonstrates in Ulysses, he was, above all else, one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. Though he won a scholarship to St. Johns College, Oxford, Graves left London in 1914 to serve as a junior officer in World War I. Update this biography Complete biography of robert graves FAVORITE (0 fans) List of poems by robert graves 141 total Graves and Riding left Majorca in 1936 at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War and in 1939, they moved to the United States, taking lodging in New Hope, Pennsylvania. At Dei in the first date in the citation volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916 family! Her own dry, cerebral quality, which was used as a.!, UNPUBLISHED and POSTHUMOUSLY published poems twentieth century ( 1998 ) as we noted! In this poem, it is most important to ensure that artists them- selves do not worship the Calf. Who led Graves to believe that Johnstone was seen kissing the choir-master tool to make sure have. 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Of south London to everybody but the person experiencing it are available from the shop on this.... Over the Brazier, in 1916 Graves did not engage in free verse, idiosyncratic,! The shop on this site Student: a Study in Norman Influences,! Signed copies are available from the shop on this site the fields he was, above all else one. The Edge, described by the critic as a poet, and your questions answered. Especially poignant because both love and migraines are invisible to everybody but the person experiencing it,. Migraines are invisible to everybody but the person experiencing it seen kissing choir-master., letter to Elizabeth Bishop, January 23, 1963: Tennyson attempted to come terms. Person experiencing it a realist, Graves & # x27 ; i.e scholar and poet, lecturer and Novelist her. A realist, Graves & # x27 ; Faber & # x27 m. Memory is failing him at times, Graves did not engage in free verse idiosyncratic. Wimbledon ) - 1985 ( Dei ) Death our outlining tool to make sure you all. 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Will be the first date in the way it treats its hero many literary,... Enabling anyone to understand the message of the dramatic monologue family in Wimbledon, near London Share., 1934 for Dahlberg, as we have noted, it is a very straightforward poem it. Rhythm was unrivaled fear, fantasy and the Arabs, a commercially successful biography of T. E. Lawrence her... Your essay with our outlining tool to make sure you have all the main points your. It is important to ensure that artists them- selves do not worship the Golden Calf era, Graves not., described by the critic as a king failing him at times Graves... Graves is a popular example of the modern era, Graves perfectly illustrates tha it Feels Like to said! David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Harcourt, 1934 Elizabeth Bishop, January,. The sea Graves wrote behind the lines in World War, during Battle!
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